ABSTRACT

Herbal products are emerging as promising anti-diabetic drugs due to lower cost, lesser side effects and renewable natural sources. 4-hydroxyisoleucine is reported as the bioactive compound, which is responsible for anti-diabetic activity of fenugreek. This review illustrates the overall properties, synthesis, mode of action and pharmacological profile of 4-hydroxyisoleucine. From the seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum an unusual amino acid, 4-hydroxyisoleucine has been isolated which significantly improved lipid profile and it increased glucose-induced insulin release in human and rat pancreatic islet cells. No adverse effect or toxic effect of 4-hydroxyisoleucine has been found. Marketed preparations are also available.